Jenkins

是什么

Jenkins 是一个开源的持续集成和持续交付（CI/CD）工具，用于自动化软件开发过程中的构建、测试和部署任务。它帮助开发团队更高效地管理代码变更，确保软件质量。

主要功能

持续集成（CI continous intergration）：自动构建和测试代码，快速发现并修复问题。
持续交付/部署（CD continous deliver/deployment）：自动化部署流程，确保软件能快速、可靠地发布。
插件支持：通过丰富的插件扩展功能，支持多种开发工具和平台。
分布式构建：支持在多台机器上并行构建，提升效率。
流水线（Pipeline）：通过定义流水线脚本，实现复杂工作流的自动化管理。

核心目标

1、提高效率：自动化构建、测试、部署，减少手动繁琐的操作

2、快速交付：缩短从开发到部署的时间，更快响应需求

3、提升质量：通过频繁部署测试和快速反馈，降低错误率

怎么用

参考视频

方便演示，我们采用docker安装jenkins，并且以下效果：
1、github项目main有新提交时触发构建
2、构建时达成jar包
3、调用宿主机的docker生成jar包的镜像
4、docker启动镜像

1、安装

1	`docker pull jenkins/jenkins`

2、启动jenkins

# 启动jenkins
docker run -u root -itd --name jenkins -p 6001:8080 -v $(which docker):/usr/bin/docker -v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock -e TZ="Asia/Shanghai" -v /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime:ro -v /volume1/docker/jenkins:/var/jenkins_home jenkins/jenkins
# 进入jenkins
docker exec -it jenkins bash
# 查看密码
cat /var/jenkins_home/secrets/initialAdminPassword

-p 6001:8080

Jenkins默认网页访问端口为8080，将端口映射到外部主机

-v $(which docker):/usr/bin/docker -v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock\

使Jenkins内部可以使用docker命令

-e TZ="Asia/Shanghai" -v /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime:ro

配置Jenkins容器的时区

-v /volume1/docker/jenkins:/var/jenkins_home

将Jenkins的配置映射到外部主机卷，容器删除仍可保留配置，且可以把jdk、maven等软件挂载进来

3、初始化jenkins

1、登录宿主机ip:6001进入jenkins页面，输入密码、设置第一个管理员密码root/root

2、安装推荐的插件

3、安装 Maven 、Publish Over SSH（用于把产物包通过ssh方式传给部署机器并配置执行命令，本次举例就是本机，所以没用到）

4、配置jdk、maven（虽然jenkins docker方式已内置jdk和git，但jdk版本比较高，我们实例项目用的jdk8，所以要配置）
设置maven目录和setting文件，注意文件目录其实就是挂载的目录

配置jdk

5、新建任务：maven项目

6、配置任务

源码管理

触发器（可选）

可以配置push后自动触发构建，由于是本机内网演示

1、利用natap生成一个内网穿透地址

2、在github仓库上设置钩子

进入 GitHub 仓库 → Settings → Webhooks → Add webhook:
Payload URL: http://<JENKINS-IP>/github-webhook/
Content Type: application/json
事件：Just the push event

3、在github上生成acces s token拿到token

4、配置github server secret text的value=token的值

编译

编译后触发脚本

# 进入项目工作区
cd /var/jenkins_home/workspace/docker-jenkins-test-pkg-runInDocker
# 检查文件是否存在
ls -l Dockerfile               # 应存在
ls -l target/*.jar             # 应存在
# 打印 JAR 包路径，方便调试
echo "JAR 包路径: $(find target -name '*.jar')"

# 构建 Docker 镜像
docker build -t docker-jenkins-test-pkg-runindocker:latest .

# 停止并删除之前运行的容器（如果存在）
docker stop docker-jenkins-test-pkg-runindocker || true
docker rm docker-jenkins-test-pkg-runindocker || true

# 运行新的 Docker 容器
docker run -d -p 18080:8080 --name docker-jenkins-test-pkg-runindocker docker-jenkins-test-pkg-runindocker:latest

测试

项目push后自动触发构建

控制台日志

Started by GitHub push by Callme24kHandsome
Running as SYSTEM
Building in workspace /var/jenkins_home/workspace/docker-jenkins-test-pkg-runInDocker
The recommended git tool is: NONE
No credentials specified
 > git rev-parse --resolve-git-dir /var/jenkins_home/workspace/docker-jenkins-test-pkg-runInDocker/.git # timeout=10
Fetching changes from the remote Git repository
 > git config remote.origin.url https://xxxx/docker-jenkins-test.git # timeout=10
Fetching upstream changes from https://xxxx/docker-jenkins-test.git
 > git --version # timeout=10
 > git --version # 'git version 2.39.5'
 > git fetch --tags --force --progress -- https://github.com/Callme24kHandsome/docker-jenkins-test.git +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/* # timeout=10
 > git rev-parse refs/remotes/origin/main^{commit} # timeout=10
Checking out Revision e02733c6cbff85d5622ede2327dc48549a63bbd8 (refs/remotes/origin/main)
 > git config core.sparsecheckout # timeout=10
 > git checkout -f e02733c6cbff85d5622ede2327dc48549a63bbd8 # timeout=10
Commit message: "修改Dockerfile"
 > git rev-list --no-walk 840813635c7d52b9aa354a225f9eea7feb2a3243 # timeout=10
Parsing POMs
Established TCP socket on 37200
[docker-jenkins-test-pkg-runInDocker] $ /var/jenkins_home/gzip/jdk1.8.0_152/bin/java -cp /var/jenkins_home/plugins/maven-plugin/WEB-INF/lib/maven35-agent-1.14.jar:/var/jenkins_home/gzip/apache-maven-3.8.1/boot/plexus-classworlds-2.6.0.jar:/var/jenkins_home/gzip/apache-maven-3.8.1/conf/logging jenkins.maven3.agent.Maven35Main /var/jenkins_home/gzip/apache-maven-3.8.1 /var/jenkins_home/war/WEB-INF/lib/remoting-3283.v92c105e0f819.jar /var/jenkins_home/plugins/maven-plugin/WEB-INF/lib/maven35-interceptor-1.14.jar /var/jenkins_home/plugins/maven-plugin/WEB-INF/lib/maven3-interceptor-commons-1.14.jar 37200
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.UnsupportedClassVersionError: hudson/remoting/Launcher has been compiled by a more recent version of the Java Runtime (class file version 55.0), this version of the Java Runtime only recognizes class file versions up to 52.0
	at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass1(Native Method)
	at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass(ClassLoader.java:763)
	at java.security.SecureClassLoader.defineClass(SecureClassLoader.java:142)
	at java.net.URLClassLoader.defineClass(URLClassLoader.java:467)
	at java.net.URLClassLoader.access$100(URLClassLoader.java:73)
	at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(URLClassLoader.java:368)
	at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(URLClassLoader.java:362)
	at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
	at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(URLClassLoader.java:361)
	at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.realm.ClassRealm.loadClassFromSelf(ClassRealm.java:425)
	at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.strategy.SelfFirstStrategy.loadClass(SelfFirstStrategy.java:42)
	at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.realm.ClassRealm.unsynchronizedLoadClass(ClassRealm.java:271)
	at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.realm.ClassRealm.loadClass(ClassRealm.java:247)
	at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.realm.ClassRealm.loadClass(ClassRealm.java:239)
	at jenkins.maven3.agent.Maven35Main.main(Maven35Main.java:136)
	at jenkins.maven3.agent.Maven35Main.main(Maven35Main.java:66)
ERROR: ================================================================================
ERROR: Invalid project setup: Connection reset
ERROR: [JENKINS-18403][JENKINS-28294] JDK 'jdk8' not supported to run Maven projects.
ERROR: Maven projects have to be launched with a Java version greater or equal to the minimum version required by the controller.
ERROR: Use the Maven JDK Toolchains (plugin) to build your maven project with an older JDK.
ERROR: Retrying with agent Java and setting compile/test properties to point to /var/jenkins_home/gzip/jdk1.8.0_152.
ERROR: ================================================================================
Established TCP socket on 42399
[docker-jenkins-test-pkg-runInDocker] $ /opt/java/openjdk/bin/java -cp /var/jenkins_home/plugins/maven-plugin/WEB-INF/lib/maven35-agent-1.14.jar:/var/jenkins_home/gzip/apache-maven-3.8.1/boot/plexus-classworlds-2.6.0.jar:/var/jenkins_home/gzip/apache-maven-3.8.1/conf/logging jenkins.maven3.agent.Maven35Main /var/jenkins_home/gzip/apache-maven-3.8.1 /var/jenkins_home/war/WEB-INF/lib/remoting-3283.v92c105e0f819.jar /var/jenkins_home/plugins/maven-plugin/WEB-INF/lib/maven35-interceptor-1.14.jar /var/jenkins_home/plugins/maven-plugin/WEB-INF/lib/maven3-interceptor-commons-1.14.jar 42399
<===[JENKINS REMOTING CAPACITY]===>���channel started
Executing Maven:  -B -f /var/jenkins_home/workspace/docker-jenkins-test-pkg-runInDocker/pom.xml clean package -Dmaven.test.skip=true
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO] 
[INFO] ------------------< org.example:docker-jenkins-test >-------------------
[INFO] Building docker-jenkins-test 1.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] --------------------------------[ jar ]---------------------------------
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-clean-plugin:3.1.0:clean (default-clean) @ docker-jenkins-test ---
[INFO] Deleting /var/jenkins_home/workspace/docker-jenkins-test-pkg-runInDocker/target
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:3.2.0:resources (default-resources) @ docker-jenkins-test ---
[INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources.
[INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered properties files.
[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory /var/jenkins_home/workspace/docker-jenkins-test-pkg-runInDocker/src/main/resources
[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory /var/jenkins_home/workspace/docker-jenkins-test-pkg-runInDocker/src/main/resources
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.8.1:compile (default-compile) @ docker-jenkins-test ---
[INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!
[INFO] Compiling 2 source files to /var/jenkins_home/workspace/docker-jenkins-test-pkg-runInDocker/target/classes
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:3.2.0:testResources (default-testResources) @ docker-jenkins-test ---
[INFO] Not copying test resources
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.8.1:testCompile (default-testCompile) @ docker-jenkins-test ---
[INFO] Not compiling test sources
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-surefire-plugin:2.22.2:test (default-test) @ docker-jenkins-test ---
[INFO] Tests are skipped.
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-jar-plugin:3.2.0:jar (default-jar) @ docker-jenkins-test ---
[INFO] Building jar: /var/jenkins_home/workspace/docker-jenkins-test-pkg-runInDocker/target/docker-jenkins-test-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- spring-boot-maven-plugin:2.5.6:repackage (repackage) @ docker-jenkins-test ---
[INFO] Replacing main artifact with repackaged archive
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time:  55.754 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2025-02-12T23:57:02+08:00
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
Waiting for Jenkins to finish collecting data
[JENKINS] Archiving /var/jenkins_home/workspace/docker-jenkins-test-pkg-runInDocker/pom.xml to org.example/docker-jenkins-test/1.0-SNAPSHOT/docker-jenkins-test-1.0-SNAPSHOT.pom
[JENKINS] Archiving /var/jenkins_home/workspace/docker-jenkins-test-pkg-runInDocker/target/docker-jenkins-test-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar to org.example/docker-jenkins-test/1.0-SNAPSHOT/docker-jenkins-test-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar
[docker-jenkins-test-pkg-runInDocker] $ /bin/sh -xe /tmp/jenkins5156680462021271743.sh
channel stopped
+ cd /var/jenkins_home/workspace/docker-jenkins-test-pkg-runInDocker
+ ls -l Dockerfile
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 120 Feb  9 23:21 Dockerfile
+ ls -l target/docker-jenkins-test-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 17490950 Feb 12 23:56 target/docker-jenkins-test-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar
+ find target -name *.jar
+ echo JAR 包路径: target/docker-jenkins-test-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar
JAR 包路径: target/docker-jenkins-test-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar
+ docker build -t docker-jenkins-test-pkg-runindocker:latest .
DEPRECATED: The legacy builder is deprecated and will be removed in a future release.
            Install the buildx component to build images with BuildKit:
            https://docs.docker.com/go/buildx/

Sending build context to Docker daemon  17.63MB

Step 1/5 : FROM openjdk:8
 ---> b273004037cc
Step 2/5 : COPY target/*.jar /app.jar
 ---> d8d778b1aa35
Step 3/5 : CMD ["--server.port=8080"]
 ---> Running in d1f198c573e4
 ---> Removed intermediate container d1f198c573e4
 ---> 30daec3524db
Step 4/5 : EXPOSE 8080
 ---> Running in 720318661c76
 ---> Removed intermediate container 720318661c76
 ---> 86fb695a5c0c
Step 5/5 : ENTRYPOINT ["java","-jar","/app.jar"]
 ---> Running in dd1f1629bc7a
 ---> Removed intermediate container dd1f1629bc7a
 ---> 88bb368191f9
Successfully built 88bb368191f9
Successfully tagged docker-jenkins-test-pkg-runindocker:latest
+ docker stop docker-jenkins-test-pkg-runindocker
docker-jenkins-test-pkg-runindocker
+ docker rm docker-jenkins-test-pkg-runindocker
docker-jenkins-test-pkg-runindocker
+ docker run -d -p 18080:8080 --name docker-jenkins-test-pkg-runindocker docker-jenkins-test-pkg-runindocker:latest
b983b6731e7c15730605d53681235195bbbb45be4c9bb11d5e74f21743763359
Finished: SUCCESS

3、部署成功

24khandsome's Blog

docker-jenkins部署

Jenkins

是什么

主要功能

核心目标

怎么用

测试